In a message dated 1/9/2006 9:18:57 A.M. Eastern Standard Time, DaveKarn@aol.com writes: >One theory is that of the 400K man army Napoleon used to invade Russia, barely 1% survived to return to France having been decimated by an unusually cold period of weather -- much of it either starved or froze to death, or both< "Using dental pulp extracted from the teeth of soldiers who died during Napoleon’s disastrous retreat through Russia in 1812, a new study finds DNA evidence that epidemic typhus and trench fever ran rampant among the French Grand Army. The study, published in the Jan. 1 issue of The Journal of Infectious Diseases, now available online, identifies the specific species of louse-borne pathogens that were a major cause of death among the remains of the retreating army." . Mark Mazer Intarsia Ltd. Gaylordsville, Connecticut 06755-0142 USA