Dear Lee and Nhu and all, I found the info on Ungernia life cycle. I'll send both of you copies today. There's four pages I'd be willing to send to anyone interested. Please let me know. One of the best sources of info is the loosely translated from the Russian, 'The Genus Ungernia BCE" in the Plant Life Year Book p 173 to 188. Best Jim W. -- Dr. James W. Waddick 8871 NW Brostrom Rd. Kansas City Missouri 64152-2711 USA Ph. 816-746-1949 Zone 5 Record low -23F Summer 100F +