It seems worthwhile to expand on the comments by Pamela Harlow that in nature, plants are coming from dynamic environments. Just as for Pamel's home, my home was under 2 miles of ice just 20,000 years ago. There was not a tree where my woods is now when the ice melted just 12,000 years ago. I suspect that the first Trillium returned to the then-nascent woods perhaps only 10,000 years ago. What is in fact a "native" plant? Go back to the previous interglacial period, maybe 120,000 years ago, and I suspect that the native species here were not the same species that we find in my woods today. Environments are dynamic and constantly changing. Almost all species are in constant flux. These "fundamentalist" conservationists are living in a pre-Darwinian fantasy world that never did exist and never can. Don't they have any grasp of modern biology? Jim Shields ************************************************* Jim Shields USDA Zone 5 P.O. Box 92 WWW: http://www.shieldsgardens.com/ Westfield, Indiana 46074, USA Lat. 40° 02.8' N, Long. 086° 06.6' W