Steven, no need to apologize on my account. I had never seen the word recalcitrant used in connection with seeds, so it was a learning experience for me. From my point of view your question was a great one - look at all the people it took to straighten things out. Best of all for me is that someone in the group (Mark) was able to provide a citation for the work where this usage of recalcitrant originated. So now I won't be reluctant to use the word myself in the future. Thanks for a new usage for an old word. Jim McKenney