In my area, invasiveness is largely defined by whether deer will eat them. When I took a walk through my back forty, bemoaning the numerous invasives that are degrading the habitat, the common denominator is unpalatability for deer. In Pennsylvania, a forest will generally not regenerate with native trees when lumbered due to deer damage. Only invasives will regrow. When you look at a nursery/bulb catalog, just look at all the imports touted as 'deer-proof'. Tim Eck When a philosopher says something that is true, then it is trivial. When he says something that is not trivial, then it is false. Gauss > -----Original Message----- > From: pbs [mailto:pbs-bounces@lists.ibiblio.org] On Behalf Of Tim Harvey > Sent: Monday, May 23, 2016 2:36 AM > To: Pacific Bulb Society > Subject: Re: [pbs] possible change in importation rules (NAPPRA) now Kudzu > > NAPPRA doesn't have a credibility profile. What should we do? > > PRA doesn't "establish" anything. As has been discussed many times on this > forum, the invasiveness question is highly subjective and dependent on > locale. Furthermore, the USDA lacks the fundamental knowledge to make > any informed decision and ignores advice given even when requested. Their > funding would be better spent subsidizing informed pest control at a local > level. > > T > > > On May 22, 2016, at 11:01 PM, William Aley <aley_wd@icloud.com> wrote: > > > > The issue from the developer of NAPPRA is that few plants have a 'Pest > > profile' that a PRA establishes. Best also from the early days of > > unbridled plant imports > > http://maxshores.com/the-amazing-story-of-kudzu/ > > > > > > > > Sent from my iPhone > > > >> On May 22, 2016, at 21:33, aaron floden <aaron_floden@yahoo.com> > wrote: > >> > >> Kudzu was not wanted by gardeners and its current pest status is due to > the US government using it as a soil stabilizer. They spent millions planting it > directly or paying farmers to plant it by the acre. The Smithsonian had great > article that discussed most of the history with a few things left out. This is not > one that can be blamed on gardeners. The same can be said for Morus alba, > Microstegium which came in through Oak Ridge as packing material, and > probably numerous others. A few I see regularly are various Eleagnus > promoted as a mining recovery plant, Lespedeza was planted in these sites > as well. > >> So now the question is how much will an assessment cost for an > unintroduced to cultivation species so that it is NAPPRA allowable? > >> > >> Aaron > >> > >> From: William Aley <aley_wd@icloud.com> > >> To: Pacific Bulb Society <pbs@lists.ibiblio.org> > >> Sent: Sunday, May 22, 2016 4:12 PM > >> Subject: Re: [pbs] possible change in importation rules (NAPPRA) > >> > >> Unfortunately NAPPRA is now the rule of the import system. There are > >> USDA staff busy placing taxa on the NAPPRA in conjunction with > >> university scientists to compile the background documents. The > >> problem is USDA does not know uf a taxa is a host to a disease that > >> could become established or if the taxa is a potential plant lest > >> ie:///weed/. No one will have an understanding of the potential until a > >> Pest Risk Analysis is completed. Once upon a time USDA was chided by > >> the American horticultural Association because a popular plant was > >> not allowed to be imported into the USA. It was viewed at the worlds > >> fair to be the most adaptive , tough and disease resistant taxa and > >> it would not only stabilise the soil it would also add nitrogen to > >> the soul. So USDA allowed unregulated import of the plant to satisfy > >> not only horticulturalist but soil conservationists. The result is a > >> plant know as kudzu. The rest is history. So is unregulated import of > >> unknown plants a good idea until somethi > n > > g > >> goes wrong? Then try to clean up the environment after? Who pays for > the clean up of plants tossed from a private garden into the hedge row that > eventually naturalise and begin invading the environment and other peoples > gardens? > >> > >> _______________________________________________ > >> pbs mailing list > >> pbs@lists.ibiblio.org > >> http://pacificbulbsociety.org/list.php > >> http://pacificbulbsociety.org/pbswiki/ > > _______________________________________________ > > pbs mailing list > > pbs@lists.ibiblio.org > > http://pacificbulbsociety.org/list.php > > http://pacificbulbsociety.org/pbswiki/ > _______________________________________________ > pbs mailing list > pbs@lists.ibiblio.org > http://pacificbulbsociety.org/list.php > http://pacificbulbsociety.org/pbswiki/