Kevin asked, At 01:22 PM 11/15/2008, you wrote: >Does the foliage of you N. cantabricus come out long before the flowers? This species has a number of different subspecies (or varieties, or forms -- you'll have to ask Dr. Koopowitz about Narcissus taxonomy, a subject on which I resolutely refuse to risk opinions). In some cases the leaves are well developed before a bud emerges, and in others the leaves seem to be about half their ultimate length when the scape (flowering stem) is about half as long as the leaves. I noticed some like that in the bulb frame today. I feel that the different subspecies, or whatever they may be, are so mixed up in cultivation that it is unwise to apply names like "foliosus" and "monophyllus" to plants one has grown from seed of cultivated origin. In addition, N. cantabricus has been hybridized with N. romieuxii and there are some lovely intermediate forms. In flower here today are a N. cantabricus selection from Walter Blom, and seedings received as N. eugeniae, which I must look up to see what the "correct" (i.e., British taxonomists') name is. The latter are pale yellow and up-facing. Kevin also asked whether he should chill N. rupicola ssp. watieri bulbs. I don't know, because they do get chilled here naturally. Ask Harold. For those unfamiliar with it, this is a very lovely pure white subspecies, from North Africa; N. rupicola ssp. rupicola is deep yellow. I have had hybrids of N. watieri appear as self-sown seedlings between the pots, but I don't know the other parent; the flowers are pale yellow. There is another member of this complex called N. atlanticus, or rupicola ssp. atlanticus, which has cream-colored flowers; and one that bears multiple flowers on a scape, called N. calcicola. N. rupicola and N. calcicola are hardy in the open garden for me, but I haven't risked the others out of the bulb frame. Jane McGary Northwestern Oregon, USA