Some plants can be geophytes if conditions are awful enough. I remember large (12-ft wide) birch trees in Greenland that had only their cute little leaves and catkins exposed but otherwise lived underground. They were just circles where there were little leaves. I imagine some of these may be ancient. Jane Sargent _______________________________________________ pbs mailing list pbs@lists.pacificbulbsociety.net http://lists.pacificbulbsociety.net/cgi-bin/…